The Meaning of Geometric Patterns in Islamic Art, From Mosque Decorations to Handicrafts
Throughout history, Islamic art has attracted attention with its unique aesthetic and symbolic features. One of the most prominent elements of this art is geometric patterns. Geometric patterns appear in Islamic art not only as an aesthetic element, but also as elements that carry a deep meaning and symbolism. These patterns, which are used in a wide range from mosque decorations to handicrafts, are one of the cornerstones of Islamic art. In this article, we will examine the meaning and uses of geometric patterns in Islamic art.
Basic Characteristics of Geometric Patterns:
Geometric patterns in Islamic art are based on repetitive shapes and mathematical proportions. These patterns are created using complex mathematical calculations and precise symmetry principles. Some of the basic geometric shapes commonly used in Islamic art are as follows:
Circle:
The circle symbolizes infinity and unity in Islamic art. In Islamic belief, the idea that Allah is infinite and unique is expressed in the form of a circle. Circles are often combined with star patterns and floral motifs to create more complex compositions.
Square and Rectangle:
Square and rectangle shapes represent balance and order. These shapes are often used in patterns where squares and rectangles are intertwined. The repetition of squares and rectangles reflects the regular and balanced structure of the universe.
Hexagon and Octagon:
Hexagonal and octagonal shapes are other geometric forms frequently used in Islamic art. These shapes are used as basic building blocks in star patterns and other complex geometric patterns. Hexagons and octagons are commonly seen in domes and ceiling decorations in Islamic architecture.
Geometric Patterns in Mosque Decorations:
Geometric patterns are used extensively in mosque architecture, especially on domes, ceilings, mihrabs and minbars. These patterns increase the sanctity and aesthetic value of the mosque. Here are some areas of use of geometric patterns in mosque decorations:
Dome Decorations:
Geometric patterns used in dome decorations usually consist of star motifs and polygons. These patterns cover the inner surface of the dome, creating a mesmerizing visual effect. Dome decorations symbolize the sky and heaven.
Mihrab Decorations:
The mihrab is the most sacred area of the mosque and indicates the direction of the qibla. Geometric patterns and floral motifs are used together in the decorations around the mihrab. These patterns emphasize the sanctity of the mihrab and give peace to the worshippers.
Minbar Decorations:
The pulpit is the dais from which the imam stands during the sermon. Geometric patterns are also used extensively in the decorations around the pulpit. These patterns emphasize the importance and sanctity of the pulpit.
Geometric Patterns in Handicrafts:
In Islamic art, geometric patterns are widely used not only in architecture but also in handicrafts. These patterns are frequently seen in handicrafts such as carpets, ceramics, wood carvings and metalwork. Here are some examples of geometric patterns in crafts:
Carpets:
Carpets woven in the Islamic world offer some of the most beautiful examples of geometric patterns. These patterns are repeated in each corner of the carpet, creating a holistic composition. Geometric patterns on carpets add aesthetic value to homes and mosques.
Ceramics
In Islamic ceramic art, geometric patterns are used on the surfaces of objects such as plates, bowls and vases. These patterns both increase the aesthetic value and beautify the functionality of ceramics.
Wood Carving Works:
In the art of wood carving, geometric patterns are widely used in furniture, door and window decorations. These patterns create depth and visual interest on wooden surfaces.
Symbolism of Geometric Patterns:
In Islamic art, geometric patterns have a deep symbolic meaning. These patterns reflect the infinity of Allah, the order of the universe and the unity of the Islamic faith. Repetitive motifs symbolize the cyclicality of eternity and time. Furthermore, geometric patterns offer an abstract and symbolic style of expression in Islamic art without the direct use of human or animal figures.
As a result, geometric patterns in Islamic art stand out for their aesthetic beauty and deep symbolic meaning. These patterns, which are used in a wide range from mosque decorations to handicrafts, are one of the cornerstones of Islamic culture and art. The works in which geometric patterns are delicately rendered reveal the elegance and depth of Islamic art.
